Edinburgh is a city that wears its history on every cobblestone — but to truly understand its soul, you have to step inside its museums.
Beyond the dramatic skyline and centuries-old streets lies a collection of institutions that tell the stories behind the stones: of monarchs and revolutionaries, poets and inventors, visionaries and everyday citizens.
Whether you are drawn to ancient relics, modern masterpieces, medical oddities, or childhood nostalgia, these museums offer something for every kind of traveller. Also, many of these museums are free, so you can spend your budget on other paid tourist attractions in Edinburgh.
What makes Edinburgh’s museum scene so compelling is its diversity. You can explore the ancient Scottish history at the National Museum of Scotland, then walk a few streets over to study Renaissance art at the Scottish National Gallery. Discover the faces of the nation in the Scottish National Portrait Gallery, or learn how money has shaped our society at the Museum on the Mound.
So, whether you are sheltering from the rain, filling time before a flight, or looking for something a little unique, this guide highlights the best museums in Edinburgh.
Best Museums and Art Galleries in Edinburgh
1. National Museum of Scotland
If you only visit one museum in Edinburgh, make it the National Museum of Scotland. Located in the heart of the city on Chambers Street, just a short walk from the Royal Mile, this museum is one of the best free museums in Edinburgh.
This museum is divided into various themed galleries spread across several floors, covering everything from prehistoric artefacts to modern technology.
Upon entering, you will be awestruck by the soaring glass ceiling and bright white pillars of the Grand Gallery.
One of our favourite parts of the museum is the Scottish History and Archaeology section. Here, you can explore the past of Scotland – from its earliest settlers to modern achievements.
Some of the highlights of this museum include Dolly the Sheep – the first cloned mammal, Bonnie Prince Charlie’s Possessions, T-Rex Skeleton, Ancient Egyptian Mummies, the Lewis Chessmen and the Maiden.
Where to Next: Plan a visit to Greyfriars Kirkyard, one of the Harry Potter sites in Edinburgh. Also, the colourful Victoria Street is within a short walking distance from this museum.
Opening Hours: Daily, 10 am – 5 pm. Entrance Fee: FREE
2. National Gallery of Scotland
If you are planning a trip to Edinburgh, the National Gallery of Scotland should be at the top of your Edinburgh itinerary. It is one of my favourite places in the city to spend a rainy afternoon.
Just off Princes Street, the Scottish National Gallery is a cultural landmark that houses some of the finest collections of paintings by renowned Scottish and international artists. Art lovers can easily spend an hour or two here.
The building itself is a neoclassical beauty designed by William Henry Playfair. Their vast collection spans from the Renaissance to the early 20th century.
You begin with Italian Renaissance painters like Titian and Raphael. Moving forward, you encounter Dutch and Flemish masters such as Rembrandt and Van Dyck. The French collection is another highlight, including works by Monet, Cézanne, and Degas.
Look out for the renowned “The Skating Minister” painting by Sir Henry Raeburn and “The Monarch of the Glen” by Sir Edwin Landseer.
Where to Next: Stroll around the Princes Street Gardens. Later, you can climb to the top of Calton Hill for a breathtaking view over Edinburgh.
Opening Hours: Daily, 10 am – 5 pm. Entrance Fee: FREE
3. Museum of Edinburgh
Tucked away on the historic Canongate section of the Royal Mile, the Museum of Edinburgh takes you through an immersive journey inside the capital’s complex and colourful history.
Housed inside a historic building painted in distinctive yellow, it provides a quiet but captivating retreat from the busy streets outside.
As you explore the rooms, you will find a fascinating range of exhibits that document Edinburgh’s evolution from a medieval burgh to a modern capital.
The collection includes everything from early maps and silverware to elaborate civic regalia and personal objects belonging to famous residents. One of the most notable items on display is the original copy of the National Covenant.
Where to Next: Holyrood Park is a short walk away from this museum. You can climb Arthur’s Seat and Salisbury Crags there. Alternatively, history lovers can take a tour of the nearby Palace of Holyroodhouse, the official residence of the British monarch in Scotland.
Opening Hours: Daily, 10 am to 5 pm. Entrance Fee: FREE
4. Scottish National Portrait Gallery
Standing proudly on Queen Street in Edinburgh’s New Town, the Scottish National Portrait Gallery is a visual journey through the people who have shaped Scotland’s history.
From monarchs and poets to revolutionaries, athletes, and activists, the gallery brings together centuries of portraiture that reflects the country’s evolving identity.
Every time we are here, I always pause to admire the stunningly beautiful interiors of the Great Hall. This vast, cathedral-like chamber is lined with dramatic murals, painted friezes, and soaring columns, each illustrating scenes from Scottish history and mythology.
You can find portraits of prominent figures such as Mary, Queen of Scots, Robert Burns, and Sir Walter Scott, alongside contemporary personalities like Annie Lennox, Tilda Swinton, and Billy Connolly.
Where to Next: After visiting the Portrait Gallery, take a brisk walk to the picturesque Circus Lane and spend some time relaxing inside a cosy cafe or lively pub in Stockbridge.
Opening Hours: Daily, 10 am to 5 pm. Entrance Fee: FREE
5. National War Museum
Tucked within the walls of Edinburgh Castle, the National War Museum is a powerful and often overlooked destination for visitors seeking to understand Scotland’s military past. It traces back centuries of Scottish involvement in conflicts at home and abroad.
And, best of all, entry to this museum is already included in your Edinburgh Castle ticket.
The museum is housed in a 17th-century former storehouse. It is not all about major battles or military victories – it also showcases the lives of the soldiers.
Walking through the museum, one of the first things you would notice is the range of objects on display – From traditional Highland broadswords and dirks to modern firearms and tactical gear. My favourite exhibit is the section dedicated to personal stories.
Where to Next: After finishing your tour of Edinburgh Castle, wander along the historic Royal Mile. You can visit the Real Mary King’s Close and St Giles Cathedral.
Opening Hours: Open daily. Apr – Sep, 09:45 – 17:45 and Oct – Mar, 09:45 – 16:45. Entrance Fee: Admission is included in the Edinburgh Castle ticket.
6. Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art
Located only a short walk from Dean Village – a popular photogenic spot in Edinburgh, the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art is divided into two separate buildings – Modern One and Modern Two.
This Gallery focuses on showcasing modern art from the early 20th century to the present. Here, you will find works by leading international figures such as Pablo Picasso, Joan Miró, and Andy Warhol, alongside strong representations of British and Scottish artists, including Eduardo Paolozzi, Alan Davie, and William Turnbull.
One of the highlights here is the recreation of Eduardo Paolozzi’s studio, a chaotic and fascinating space filled with casts, tools, notes, and half-finished ideas that offer an intimate look into the mind of one of Scotland’s most influential modern artists.
What we also like about the National Gallery of Modern Art is the stunning sculptures in the surrounding grounds. Look out for the magnificent works by renowned artists like Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth.
Where to Next: After you finish admiring the beautiful paintings, follow the riverside path of Water of Leith for a tranquil nature walk to Stockbridge.
Opening Hours: Daily, 10 am to 5 pm. Entrance Fee: FREE
7. Museum of Childhood
Located in the busy Royal Mile, the Museum of Childhood offers a unique experience to children of all ages. Opened in 1955, it is the first museum in the world dedicated completely to the history of childhood.
It houses a remarkable collection of toys, games, books, clothing, and everyday items from the 18th century to the present day. Each floor is a time capsule, offering glimpses into how childhood has changed over the years. It will make you nostalgic and bring back memories of your own childhood.
The glass cases are filled with antique dolls. There are also model trains, tin toys, puppets, and early mechanical games – reminders of eras before screens and plastic took over the toy world. One section explores the evolution of children’s clothing, while another showcases school life through the years.
Where to Next: You can explore the nooks and crannies of the iconic Royal Mile. Look out for the secret closes along the way.
Opening Hours: Daily, 10 am to 5 pm. Entrance Fee: FREE
8. The Writers’ Museum
Tucked away in the cobbled courtyard of Lady Stair’s Close, just off the Royal Mile, the Writers’ Museum in Edinburgh is a hidden gem that celebrates the lives and legacies of the three legendary literary figures of Scotland – Robert Burns, Sir Walter Scott, and Robert Louis Stevenson.
The museum is housed in a 17th-century building. With its steep staircases, stone walls, and traditional Scottish architecture, the house itself feels like stepping into a different era.
As you explore the rooms, each level focuses on a different author, offering a carefully curated collection of artefacts, personal belongings, manuscripts, portraits, and rare first editions.
Where to Next: You can browse the souvenir shops or enjoy a hot chocolate from the cafes in the Royal Mile.
Opening Hours: Daily, 10 am to 5 pm. Entrance Fee: FREE
9. The People’s Story Museum
Located at the foot of the Royal Mile in Edinburgh’s historic Canongate, the People’s Story Museum offers a refreshingly human perspective on the city’s past.
The museum is housed in the Canongate Tolbooth, an imposing stone building dating back to the late 16th century.
Rather than focusing on monarchs, wars, or grand institutions, this museum turns its attention to ordinary lives. Here, you will learn the stories of workers, reformers, tradespeople, and families who shaped Edinburgh from the ground up.
The exhibits display first-person narratives, reconstructed scenes, and real historical objects to bring the past vividly to life.
Where to Next: Strech your legs at Holyrood Park. There are various trails suitable for all fitness levels.
Opening Hours: Daily, 10 am to 5 pm. Entrance Fee: FREE
10. Museum on the Mound
Perched above Princes Street in the heart of the Old Town, the Museum on the Mound is one of the most intriguing and underrated attractions in Edinburgh. Located within the historic headquarters of the Bank of Scotland, this museum explores the history of money, banking and economics.
Once inside, you will be immediately introduced to the evolution of money – from barter systems and early coinage to modern banknotes and digital transactions. Ancient coins sit beside beautifully preserved Scottish banknotes, showcasing how currency design has changed over time.
One of my favourite exhibits is the million-pound display – one million pounds in real banknotes stacked behind a secure glass case. I also love the stunning view over Princes Street and the Scott Monument from here.
Where to Next: The Museum on the Mound is just minutes from the historic Royal Mile and the bustling Princes Street. So, you will have loads of places to choose from.
Opening Hours: Tuesday – Friday, 10 am to 5 pm and Saturday, 1 pm- 5 pm. Monday Closed. Entrance Fee: FREE